class 11 trigonometry

 

Module 1: Introduction to Trigonometry

What is Trigonometry?

The word Trigonometry comes from two Greek words:

• Trigon → Triangle

• Metron → Measurement

So, trigonometry literally means:

“Measurement of triangles.”

Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that studies the relationship between:

• Sides of triangles

• Angles of triangles

Especially, it deals with right-angled triangles.

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Why Was Trigonometry Developed?

In ancient times, people needed methods to:

• Measure heights of mountains

• Find distances between places

• Navigate ships in oceans

• Observe stars and planets

Since direct measurement was often impossible, mathematicians developed trigonometry.

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Historical Background of Trigonometry

The development of trigonometry started thousands of years ago.

Important civilizations contributing to trigonometry:

• India

• Greece

• Babylon

• Egypt

• Arab civilization

Indian mathematicians made major contributions.

Important Indian Mathematicians

• Aryabhata

• Brahmagupta

• Bhaskara I

• Bhaskara II

These mathematicians developed:

• Sine tables

• Astronomical calculations

• Angle measurement systems

Introduction to Biomolecules | RTU Hojai | Chemistry MD-CHM-2.1

MODULE 1: Basics of Biomolecules

Molecules of Life (MD-CHM-2.1)

B.Sc. Zoology – RTU Hojai University

Comprehensive Study Material

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Introduction to Biomolecules

Living organisms are made up of a large number of chemical substances that perform various structural, physiological, and biochemical functions necessary for life. These chemical substances are known as biomolecules or molecules of life. Biomolecules are organic compounds produced by living organisms and are essential for growth, metabolism, reproduction, energy production, and maintenance of cellular activities. They form the structural and functional basis of all living cells and tissues.

Edunes Online Education

 

MODULE 7: Entrepreneurship in Non-Mulberry Sericulture

B.Sc. Zoology (RTU Hojai University)

Comprehensive Study Material

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Introduction to Entrepreneurship in Non-Mulberry Sericulture

Entrepreneurship in non-mulberry sericulture refers to the establishment and management of silk-related economic activities involving Eri and Muga silkworms for income generation, employment creation, and industrial development. Non-mulberry sericulture is an important agro-based cottage industry in India, especially in Assam and North-East India, where Eri and Muga silk are traditionally produced. This industry combines agriculture, animal rearing, handicrafts, textile production, and trade, thereby providing sustainable livelihood opportunities to rural populations.

MODULE 4: Silkworm Rearing Technology | RTU Hojai | Bsc. Zoology | 2nd Semester

MODULE 4: Silkworm Rearing Technology

B.Sc. Zoology (RTU Hojai University)

Comprehensive Study Material

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Introduction to Silkworm Rearing Technology

Silkworm rearing technology refers to the scientific methods and techniques used for the successful cultivation and management of silkworms for silk production. In non-mulberry sericulture, proper rearing technology is extremely important because the health, growth, cocoon quality, and silk yield of silkworms depend largely on the rearing environment and management practices. Eri and Muga silkworms are highly sensitive to environmental conditions, food quality, hygiene, and diseases. Therefore, scientific rearing methods are essential for obtaining healthy larvae and high-quality silk.

Silkworm rearing involves several activities such as preparation of rearing house, maintenance of environmental conditions, feeding management, cleaning and disinfection, handling of larvae, cocoon formation, and harvesting. Proper rearing technology reduces mortality, prevents diseases, and increases silk productivity.

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Rearing House and Rearing Site

The rearing house is the place where silkworms are kept and reared throughout their larval stages. A good rearing house provides suitable environmental conditions such as proper temperature, humidity, ventilation, and protection from predators and diseases. The success of sericulture depends greatly on the condition and management of the rearing house.

Introduction to Sericulture | RTU | BSc Zoology | Second Sem

 

B.Sc. 2nd Semester (NEP) – Study Modules

PAPER: SERICULTURE (NON-MULBERRY)

Module 1: Introduction to Sericulture

1.1 Meaning and Definition of Sericulture

Sericulture is the scientific method of rearing silkworms for the commercial production of silk. The word sericulture is derived from the Greek word “Sericos” meaning silk and the Latin word “Culture” meaning rearing or cultivation. It is an agro-based cottage industry that combines agriculture and industry because it involves cultivation of host plants as well as processing of silk fibers. Sericulture provides employment opportunities to rural people, especially women and economically weaker sections of society. It is considered an environmentally friendly industry because it produces biodegradable natural fiber.

Silk is one of the oldest and most valuable natural fibers known to humans. It is soft, shiny, strong, elastic, and has excellent dyeing properties. The silk produced by silkworms is mainly composed of a protein called fibroin, which is covered by another protein called sericin.