Curriculum-friendly list of all organelles, tissues, organs, and organ systems, suitable for Grade 10 New Zealand students: Name of the Student : SARAH
🧫 LIST OF ORGANELLES
(Found inside cells, both plant and animal)
| Organelle | Function |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | Controls cell activities; contains DNA |
| Mitochondria | Produces energy (ATP) through respiration |
| Ribosomes | Make proteins |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | Transports substances; two types – Rough (with ribosomes) and Smooth |
| Golgi Apparatus | Packages and sends proteins |
| Lysosomes | Break down waste and old cell parts |
| Vacuole | Stores water, nutrients, and waste (larger in plant cells) |
| Chloroplasts | Carries out photosynthesis (plant cells only) |
| Cell Membrane | Controls what enters and leaves the cell |
| Cytoplasm | Jelly-like fluid where reactions occur |
| Cell Wall | Provides structure and protection (plant cells only) |
| Centrioles | Help in cell division (animal cells only) |
🧵 LIST OF TISSUES
In Animals:
| Tissue Type | Function |
|---|---|
| Epithelial Tissue | Covers body surfaces and organs |
| Muscle Tissue | Contracts to produce movement |
| Nervous Tissue | Carries signals (nerve impulses) |
| Connective Tissue | Supports, binds, or separates organs and tissues (includes blood, fat, bone, cartilage) |
In Plants:
| Tissue Type | Function |
|---|---|
| Xylem | Transports water from roots to leaves |
| Phloem | Transports sugars (food) from leaves to rest of the plant |
| Parenchyma | Stores food and performs photosynthesis |
| Collenchyma | Provides flexible support |
| Sclerenchyma | Provides rigid support |
🫁 LIST OF ORGANS
In Humans/Animals:
| Organ | Function |
|---|---|
| Heart | Pumps blood |
| Lungs | Gas exchange (O₂ in, CO₂ out) |
| Brain | Controls bodily functions and thinking |
| Stomach | Breaks down food |
| Liver | Processes nutrients and detoxifies |
| Kidneys | Filters blood and makes urine |
| Skin | Protects the body and regulates temperature |
| Intestines | Absorbs nutrients and water |
| Bladder | Stores urine |
| Pancreas | Produces insulin and digestive enzymes |
In Plants:
| Organ | Function |
|---|---|
| Roots | Absorb water and nutrients |
| Stem | Supports plant and transports substances |
| Leaves | Photosynthesis |
| Flowers | Reproduction |
| Fruit | Protects and helps spread seeds |
🧬 LIST OF ORGAN SYSTEMS (In Humans)
| Organ System | Major Organs Involved | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Circulatory System | Heart, blood vessels, blood | Transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste |
| Respiratory System | Lungs, trachea, bronchi | Takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide |
| Digestive System | Mouth, stomach, intestines, liver | Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients |
| Nervous System | Brain, spinal cord, nerves | Controls body activities and processes information |
| Muscular System | Muscles (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) | Movement |
| Skeletal System | Bones, joints | Provides structure and protects organs |
| Excretory System | Kidneys, bladder, skin | Removes waste from the body |
| Endocrine System | Glands (pituitary, thyroid, etc.) | Hormone production and regulation |
| Reproductive System | Testes, ovaries, uterus, penis, vagina | Reproduction |
| Immune System | White blood cells, lymph nodes | Protects against disease |
| Integumentary System | Skin, hair, nails | Protects the body and regulates temperature |
